WHAT IS INTERNET?
This question may seem easy to answer to the young generations, who have grown under its influence, but defining it isn’t really as easy. Internet, also known as the World Wide Web (www), is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use a protocol called the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to link to billions of devices all around the world. The impact of this has been so enormous that it has been referred to as the 8th continent of the world. This carries a vast range of information, from the top-secret military and research files to the most trending and viral video of the week. This massive storage is shared by everyone, with everyone’s computer contributing to the ever-expanding treasure trove of knowledge.
The advent of the internet is heavily influencing most traditional communication methods such as newspapers, telephones, television, etc. They are giving rise to new services such as internet phones and internet tv. The exchange of information has been accelerated exponentially and consequentially the exchange of information has led to an improvement in the standard of life for many people across the globe.
HISTORY OF INTERNET:
The first question that pops into your mind is probably, “Who started the internet?”. The Internet was developed by Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf in the 1970s. They began the design of what we today know as the ‘internet.’ It was the result of another research experiment which was called ARPANET, which stands for Advanced Research Projects Agency Network. This was initially supposed to be a communications system for the Defense Team of the United States of America – a network that would also survive a nuclear attack. It eventually became a successful nationwide experimental packet network. But when was the first Internet started? It is believed that on 6 August 1991, when the World Wide Web opened to the public.
Two Main Types of Computer Networks
A network consists of two or more computers that are linked to each other in order to exchange files, share resources, and allow electronic communication. These interconnected computers are linked to one another by cables, radio waves, telephone lines, infrared beams, and satellites. Listed below are the two main types of a computer networks:
- Local Area Network (LAN): A LAN is two or more connected laptops or computers or phones sharing information with each other in a small geographic location. For example, a network of computers at your home or work.
- Wide Area Network (WAN): A WAN is basically two or more interconnected LANs. These networks are farther apart than the systems in LAN. They can communicate via telephone lines or radio waves.
The current internet population is said to be approximately 3.4 billion users, 48.1% of which are from Asia and 10% are from North America. 3.4 billion users give the internet unprecedented power and importance in this day and age. People are becoming empowered with a greater exchange of information and as people are learning more, their lives too are improving for the better.
| YEAR | EVENT |
|---|---|
| 1960 | This is the year in which the internet started to share information s a way for government researchers. And, the first known MODEM and dataphone were introduced by AT&T. |
| 1961 | On May 31, 1961, Leonard Kleinrock released his first paper, “Information Flow in Large Communication Nets.” |
| 1962 | A paper talking about packetization was released by Leonard Kleinrock. Also, this year, a suggestion was given by Paul Baran for the transmission of data with the help of using fixed-size message blocks |
| 1964 | Baran produced a study on distributed communications in 1964. In the same year, Leonard Kleinrock released Communication Nets Stochastic Message Flow and Design, the first book on packet nets. |
| 1965 | The first long-distance dial-up link was established between a TX-2 computer and a Q-32 at SDC in California by Lawrence G. Roberts of MIT and Tom Marill of SDC in California with a Q-32. Also, the word “Packet” was coined by Donald in this year. |
| 1966 | After getting success at connecting over dial-up, a paper about this was published by Tom Marill and Lawrence G. Roberts. In the same year, Robert Taylor brought Larry Roberts and joined ARPA to develop ARPANET. |
| 1967 | After getting success at connecting over dial-up, a paper about this was published by Tom Marill and Lawrence G. Roberts. In the same year, Robert Taylor brought Larry Roberts and joined ARPA(TBD) to develop ARPANET.(TBD) |
| 1968 | On 9 December 1968, Hypertext was publicly demonstrated by Doug Engelbart. The first meeting regarding NWG (Network Working Group) was also held this year, and on June 3, 1968, the ARPANET program plan was published by Larry Roberts. |
| 1969 | On 1 April 1969, talking about the IMP software and introducing the Host-to-Host, RFC #1 was released by Steve Crocker. On 3 July 1969, a press was released for announcing the public to the Internet by UCLA. On August 29, 1969, UCLA received the first network equipment and the first network switch. CompuServe, the first commercial internet service, was founded the same year. |
| 1970 | This is the year in which NCP was released by the UCLA team and Steve Crocker. |
| 1971 | In 1971, Ray Tomlinson sent the first e-mail via a network to other users. |
| 1972 | In 1972, the ARPANET was initially demonstrated to the general public. |
| 1973 | TCP was created by Vinton Cerf in 1973, and it was released in December 1974 with the help of Yogen Dalal and Carl Sunshine. ARPA also launched the first international link, SATNET, this year. And, the Ethernet was created by Robert Metcalfe at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center. |
| 1974 | In 1974, the Telenet, a commercial version of ARPANET, was introduced. Many consider it to be the first Internet service provider. |
| 1978 | In 1978, to support real-time traffic, TCP split into TCP/IP, which was driven by John Shoch, David Reed, and Danny Cohen. Later on, on 1 January 1983, the creation of TCP/IP was standardized into ARPANET and helped create UDP. Also, in the same year, the first worm was developed by Jon Hupp and John Shoch at Xerox PARC. |
| 1981 | BITNET was established in 1981. It is a time network that was formerly a network of IBM mainframe computers in the United States. |
| 1983 | In 1983, the TCP/IP was standardized by ARPANET, and the IAB, short for Internet Activities Board was also founded in the same year. |
| 1988 | The First T1 backbone was included in ARPANET, and CSNET and CSNET merged to create CREN. |
| 1989 | A proposal for a distributed system was submitted by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN on 12 March 1989 that would later become the WWW. |
| 1990 | This year, NSFNET replaced the ARPANET. On 10 September 1990, Mike Parker, Bill Heelan, and Alan Emtage released the first search engine Archie at McGill University in Montreal, Canada. |
| 1991 | Tim Berners-Lee introduced the WWW (World Wide Web) on August 6, 1991. On August 6, 1991, he also unveiled the first web page and website to the general public. Also, this year, the internet started to be available to the public by NSF. Outside of Europe, the first web server came on 1 December 1991. |
| 1992 | The main revolution came in the field of the internet that the internet Society was formed, and NSFNET upgraded to a T3 backbone. |
| 1994 | On April 4, 1994, James H. Clark and Marc Andreessen found the Mosaic Communications Corporation, Netscape. On 13 October 1994, the first Netscape browser, Mosaic Netscape 0.9, was released, which also introduced the Internet to cookies. On 7 November 1994, a radio station, WXYC, announced broadcasting on the Internet, and it became the first traditional radio station for this. Also, in the same year, the W3C was established by Tim Berners-Lee. |
| 1995 | In February 1995, Netscape introduced the SSL (Secure sockets layer), and the dot-com boom began. Also, the Opera web browser was introduced to browsing web pages on 1 April 1995, and to make voice calls over the Internet, the Vocaltec, the first VoIP software, was introduced. Later, the Internet Explorer web browser was introduced by Microsoft on 16 August 1995. In RFC 1866, the next version of HTML 2.0 was released on 24 November 1995. In 1995, JavaScript, originally known as LiveScript, was created by Brendan Eich. At that time, he was an employee at Netscape Communications Corporation. Later LiveScript was renamed to JavaScript with Netscape 2.0B3 on December 4, 1995. In the same year, they also introduced Java. |
| 1997 | In 1997, the 802.11 (Wi-Fi) standard was introduced by IEEE, and the internet2 consortium was also established. |
| 1999 | In September 1999, Napster began sharing files, and Marc Ostrofsky, the business.com, the most expensive Internet domain name for $7.5 million on 1 December 1999. Later on, on 26 July 2007, this domain was sold for $345 million to R.H. Donnelley. |
| 2003 | The Safari web browser came into the market on 30 June 2003. |
| 2004 | The Mozilla Firefox web browser was released by Mozilla on 9 November 2004. |
| 2008 | The Google Chrome web browser was introduced by Google on 11 December 2008, and gradually it became a popular web browser. |
| 2009 | A person using the fictitious name Satoshi Nakamoto published the internet money Bitcoin on 3 January 2009. |
| 2014 | On 28 October 2014, W3C recommended and released the HTML5 programming language to the public. |
How The Message is Transferred.
First, Computer1 sends a message by IP address to Computer2The message sent by Computer1 is broken into small pieces- packets.These small pieces- packets are transferred concerning Transfer Protocol so that the quality is maintained.Finally, these small pieces- packets reach Computer2 and are reassembled at their IP address.
ref.
1. https://www.vedantu.com/physics/history-of-internet
2. https://byjus.com/physics/what-is-internet-history-of-internet/
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